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Aerobic granular sludge formation based on substrate availability: Effects of flow pattern and fermentation

Quan Yuan, Hui Gong, Hao Xi, Kaijun Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1226-0

摘要： Penetration depth and substrate characters affect AGS formation and performance. The relationship between substrate gradient and particle size affects AGS stability. The fermentation process is proposed as a pretreatment to improve AGS stability. The influences of flow patterns (mixed-flow and plug-flow) and fermentation pretreatment on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation with various substrate availability levels were investigated by running four identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (R1–R4), comparing two anaerobic feeding strategies and three kinds of substrates. R1 achieved faster granulation with a fast influent fill step followed by a modified anaerobic mixed-flow phase, but the AGS showed poorer stability with a cracked structure and a high suspended solids concentration in the effluent. The anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode (with influent fed slowly from the bottom) in R2 provided deeper penetration depth for the substance to reach the core of AGS and accordingly strengthen AGS stability. An acidogenic up-flow sludge bed reactor was introduced as a pretreatment to improve the AGS performance by enhancing glucose pre-fermentation (R4). AGS fed with mixed volatile fatty acids (VFA) after glucose fermentation showed similar performance compared with the reactor fed with acetate in the aspects of stability, structure, size distribution and nitrogen removal efficiency, and 74% similarity in the microbial community. For actual wastewater with low VFA concentrations, fermentation treatment was suggested as a promising pretreatment for stable AGS granulation and operation.

关键词： Anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode     Anaerobic mixed-flow mode     Fermentation pretreatment     Substrate gradient     Penetration depth    

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Increasing the performance of anaerobic digestion: Pilot scale experimental study for thermal hydrolysisof mixed sludge

S.I. PEREZ-ELVIRA, M. FDZ-POLANCO, F. FDZ-POLANCO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 135-141 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0024-5

摘要： The performance of a pilot plant operation combining thermal hydrolysis (170°C, 30 min) and anaerobic digestion (AD) was studied, determining the main properties for samples of fresh mixed sludge, hydrolyzed sludge, and digested sludge, in order to quantify the thermal pretreatment performance (disintegration, solubilisation, and dewaterability) and its impact on the anaerobic digestion performance (biodegradability, volatile solids reduction, and digester rheology) and end product characteristics (dewaterability, sanitation, organic and nitrogen content). The disintegration achieved during the thermal treatment enhances the sludge centrifugation, allowing a 70% higher total solids concentration in the feed to anaerobic digestion. The digestion of this sludge generates 40% more biogas in half the time, due to the higher solids removal compared to a conventional digester. The waste generated can be dewatered by centrifugation to 7% dry solids without polymer addition, and is pathogen free.

关键词： anaerobic digestion (AD)     biogas     performance     sludge     thermal hydrolysis    

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Preparation of copolymer-grafted mixed-mode resins for immunoglobulin G adsorption

Shenggang Chen, Tao Liu, Ruiqi Yang, Dongqiang Lin, Shanjing Yao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 70-79 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1745-4

摘要： The mixed-mode resins for protein adsorption have been prepared by a novel strategy, copolymer grafting. Specially, the copolymer-grafted resins CG-M-A with two functional groups, 5-amino-benzimidazole (ABI) and methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC), have been prepared through surface-initiated activator generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization of METAC and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), followed by a ring-open reaction to introduce ABI. The charge and hydrophobicity of CG-M-A resins could be controlled by manipulating the addition of METAC and GMA/ABI. Besides, METAC and ABI provided positive effects together in both protein adsorption and elution: dynamic binding capacity of human Immunoglobulin G (hIgG) onto CG-M-A resin with the highest ligand ratio of METAC to ABI is 46.8 mg·g at pH 9 and the elution recovery of hIgG is 97.0% at pH 5. The separation experiment showed that purity and recovery of monoclonal antibody from cell culture supernatant are 96.0% and 86.5%, respectively, indicating that copolymer-grafted mixed-mode resins could be used for antibody purification.

关键词： atom transfer radical polymerization     copolymer-grafting     mixed-mode resin     protein adsorption    

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Framework based on building information modeling, mixed reality, and a cloud platform to support informationflow in facility management

Berardo NATICCHIA, Alessandra CORNELI, Alessandro CARBONARI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期   页码 131-141 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0071-y

摘要： The quality of information flow management has a remarkable effect on the entire life cycle of buildings. Manual retrieval of technical specifications and features of building components and their performance assessment leads to increased cost and time and efficiency reduction, especially during the facility management (FM) stage. The introduction of building information modeling (BIM) in the construction industry can provide a valuable means of improving the organization and exchange of information. BIM tools integrate multiple levels of information within a single digital model of a building. Nevertheless, the support given by BIM to FM is far from being fully effective. Technicians can benefit from real-time communication with the data repository whenever the need for gathering contextual information and/or updating any data in the digital model arises. The framework proposed in this study aims to develop a system that supports on-site operations. Information requirements have been determined from the analyses of procedures that are usually implemented in the building life cycle. These studies set the standard for the development of a digital model of a building, which will be shared among various actors in charge of FM and accessed via a cloud platform. Moreover, mixed reality is proposed to support specific information that is relevant to geometric features and procedures to be followed by operators. This article presents three use-cases supported by the proposed framework. In addition, this research article describes the first proof of concept regarding real-time support for FM.

关键词： information flow management     BIM     mixed reality     common data environment     facility management    

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Anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation with four kinds of electron acceptors enriched from the same mixed

Zuotao Zhang, Chongyang Wang, Jianzhong He, Hui Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1164-x

摘要： Anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation enriched process was described in detail. The enriched bacterial communities were characterized under four redox conditions. The enriched archaeal communities were stated under high percentage conditions. Relatively intact pathways of anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation were proposed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and persistent contaminants worldwide, especially in environments devoid of molecular oxygen. For lack of molecular oxygen, researchers enhanced anaerobic zones PAHs biodegradation by adding sulfate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and iron. However, microbial community reports of them were limited, and information of metabolites was poor except two-ring PAH, naphthalene. Here, we reported on four phenanthrene-degrading enrichment cultures with sulfate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and iron as electron acceptors from the same initial inoculum. The high-to-low order of the anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation rate was the nitrate-reducing conditions>sulfate-reducing conditions>methanogenic conditions>iron-reducing conditions. The dominant bacteria populations were Desulfobacteraceae, Anaerolinaceae, and Thermodesulfobiaceae under sulfate-reducing conditions; Moraxellaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Comamonadaceae under methanogenic conditions; Rhodobacteraceae, Planococcaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae under nitrate-reducing conditions; and Geobacteraceae, Carnobacteriaceae, and Anaerolinaceae under iron-reducing conditions, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that bacteria populations of longtime enriched cultures with four electron acceptors all obtained significant changes from original inoculum, and bacterial communities were similar under nitrate-reducing and iron-reducing conditions. Archaea accounted for a high percentage under iron-reducing and methanogenic conditions, and Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae, as well as Methanobacteriaceae, were the dominant archaea populations under iron-reducing and methanogenic conditions. The key steps of phenanthrene biodegradation under four reducing conditions were carboxylation, further ring system reduction, and ring cleavage.

关键词： Phenanthrene     Anaerobic biodegradation     Bacterial populations     Archaea populations     Metabolic pathway    

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Feasibility assessment of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment of sulfamethoxazole pharmaceutical

Yi Chen, Shilong He, Mengmeng Zhou, Tingting Pan, Yujia Xu, Yingxin Gao, Hengkang Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1069-0

摘要：

The UASB system successfully treated sulfamethoxazole pharmaceutical wastewater.

High concentration sulfate of this wastewater was the main refractory factor.

UASB recovery performance after a few days of inflow arrest was studied.

The optimal UASB operating conditions for practical application were determined.

关键词： Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)     Methane production     Sulfate reduction     Sulfamethoxazole pharmaceutical wastewater     Electron flow     Recovery    

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Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

LIN Yishan, HE Yanling, MENG Zhuo, YANG Shucheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 241-246 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0040-x

摘要： The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape.

关键词： homogeneous     spherical     influent alkalinity     process     anaerobic treatment    

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Deciphering the effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1385-z

摘要：

• UASB reactor can work efficiently with high COD/SO42- ratios when SDBS exists.

关键词： Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket     Organic sulfur     Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate     COD/SO42− ratio     Microbial community    

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production from beet sugar factory wastewater treatment in a continuous stirred tank reactor using anaerobicmixed consortia

Gefu ZHU, Chaoxiang LIU, Jianzheng LI, Nanqi REN, Lin LIU, Xu HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 143-150 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0456-1

摘要： A low pH, ethanol-type fermentation process was evaluated for wastewater treatment and bio-hydrogen production from acidic beet sugar factory wastewater in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with an effective volume of 9.6 L by anaerobic mixed cultures in this present study. After inoculating with aerobic activated sludge and operating at organic loading rate (OLR) of 12 kgCOD?m ·d , HRT of 8h, and temperature of 35°C for 28 days, the CSTR achieved stable ethanol-type fermentation. When OLR was further increased to 18 kgCOD?m ·d on the 53rd day, ethanol-type fermentation dominant microflora was enhanced. The liquid fermentation products, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol, stabilized at 1493 mg·L in the bioreactor. Effluent pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and alkalinity ranged at 4.1–4.5, -250–(-290) mV, and 230–260 mgCaCO ?L . The specific hydrogen production rate of anaerobic activated sludge was 0.1 L?gMLVSS ·d and the COD removal efficiency was 45%. The experimental results showed that the CSTR system had good operation stability and microbial activity, which led to high substrate conversion rate and hydrogen production ability.

关键词： fermentative hydrogen production     continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)     specific hydrogen production rate     beet sugar factory wastewater     ethanol-type fermentation    

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Mixed mode properties of CNT reinforced composites using Arcan test rig

Jacob MUTHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 397-404 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0321-y

摘要： Composite materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes were mechanical tested using Arcan test rig under Mode-I, Mode-II and mixed mode loading conditions to obtain their fracture properties. The butterfly composite specimens were fabricated with 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 wt % CNTs. The polyester/CNT composite was fabricated using VRTM (Vacuum Resin Transfer Molding) where the CNTs were first functionalised to reach an optimum properties. Arcan test rig was designed and fabricated to work with the Shimadzu testing machine. The results show that the functionalised CNTs have improved the fracture behavior by acting as bridge between the cracked face. In addition, the fracture properties were not improved for the higher weight fraction of 0.1 wt% CNTs.

关键词： CNT     composites     Arcan test rig     stress intensity factor    

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Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in a conventional, continuous flow, completely mixed activated

Xi CHEN,Linjiang YUAN,Wenjuan LU,Yuyou LI,Pei LIU,Kun NIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 324-333 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0627-3

摘要： Aerobic granules were formed in a conventional, continuous flow, completely mixed activated sludge system (CMAS). The reactor was inoculated with seed sludge containing few filaments and fed with synthetic municipal wastewater. The settling time of the sludge and the average dissolved oxygen (DO) of the reactor were 2 h and 4.2 mg·L , respectively. The reactor was agitated by a stirrer, with a speed of 250 r·min , to ensure good mixing．The granular sludge had good settleability, and the sludge volume index (SVI) was between 50 and 90 mL·g . The laser particle analyzer showed the diameter of the granules to be between 0.18 and 1.25 mm. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation revealed the predominance of sphere-like and rod-like bacteria, and only few filaments grew in the granules. The microbial community structure of the granules was also analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Sequencing analysis indicated the dominant species were α, β, and γ- , , and . The data from the study suggested that aerobic granules could form, if provided with sufficient number of filaments and high shear force. It was also observed that a high height-to-diameter ratio of the reactor and short settling time were not essential for the formation of aerobic granular sludge.

关键词： aerobic granular sludge     completely mixed activated sludge system (CMAS)     continuous flow     shear force     filamentous bacteria     polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE)    

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Multi-objective optimization for the multi-mode finance-based project scheduling problem

Sameh Al-SHIHABI, Mohammad AlDURGAM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 223-237 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0097-1

摘要： The finance-based scheduling problem (FBSP) is about scheduling project activities without exceeding a credit line financing limit. The FBSP is extended to consider different execution modes that result in the multi-mode FBSP (MMFBSP). Unfortunately, researchers have abandoned the development of exact models to solve the FBSP and its extensions. Instead, researchers have heavily relied on the use of heuristics and meta-heuristics, which do not guarantee solution optimality. No exact models are available for contractors who look for optimal solutions to the multi-objective MMFBSP. CPLEX, which is an exact solver, has witnessed a significant decrease in its computation time. Moreover, its current version, CPLEX 12.9, solves multi-objective optimization problems. This study presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for the multi-objective MMFBSP. Using CPLEX 12.9, we discuss several techniques that researchers can use to optimize a multi-objective MMFBSP. We test our model by solving several problems from the literature. We also show how to solve multi-objective optimization problems by using CPLEX 12.9 and how computation time increases as problem size increases. The small increase in computation time compared with possible cost savings make exact models a must for practitioners. Moreover, the linear programming-relaxation of the model, which takes seconds, can provide an excellent lower bound.

关键词： multi-objective optimization     finance-based scheduling     multi-mode project scheduling     mixed-integer linear programming     CPLEX    

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Technical measures to achieve a cleaner production mode for recycled paper mills

Chao HE, Zhaolin GU, Shucheng YANG, Jidong LIANG, Weina DAI, Yanling HE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 466-474 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0242-x

摘要： China’s paper production reached 79.8 ×10 t in 2008 and ranked number one in the world. Because of its high consumption of water, energy and materials and its serious pollution, the present processes are not likely to be sustainable. An alternative, the closed Water Loop-Papermaking Integration (WLPI) method, is put forward in this paper. The WLPI method can be realized in a recycled paper mill by adding technologies and using recycled water. Many industrial case studies have shown that a large quantity of water, energy and materials can be saved, and the quantity of waste sludge and wastewater discharge was minimized by using the WLPI method. The design of the water reuse system, control of calcium hardness, water recycling and minimal waste sludge are discussed. Anaerobic technology plays an important role in the WLPI method to lower cost, energy use and waste. In the brown paper and coated white board production, zero-effluent discharge can be realized. Fresh water consumption is only 1–2 m ·t . For the paper mills with deinking and bleaching processes, about 10 m ·t of fresh water and a similar amount of effluent discharge are needed. Power saving using anaerobic technology is 70% when recycled water is used in comparison with the conventional activated sludge process. Waste sludge can be decreased to about 5% of the initial process due to reuse of the waste sludge and the lower bio-sludge production of the anaerobic process.

关键词： water reuse     zero discharge     anaerobic treatment     recycled paper     cleaner production    

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通过一个等价雷诺数揭示层流到湍流的转捩区域 Article

陈晓东

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第3期   页码 576-579 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.013

摘要：

Flow transition from laminar to turbulent mode (and vice versa)—that is, the initiation of turbulence—is one of the most important research subjects in the history of engineering. Even for pipe flow, predicting the onset of turbulence requires sophisticated instrumentation and/or direct numerical simulation, based on observing the instantaneous flow structure formation and evolution. In this work, a local Reynolds number equivalence γ (ratio of local inertia effect to viscous effect) is seen to conform to the Universal Law of the Wall, where γ = 1 represents a quantitative balance between the abovementioned two effects. This coincides with the wall layer thickness (y+ = 1, where y+ is the dimensionless distance from the wall surface defined in the Universal Law of the Wall). It is found that the characteristic of how the local derivative of γ against the local velocity changes with increasing velocity determines the onset of turbulence. For pipe flow, γ ≈ 25, and for plate flow, γ ≈ 151.5. These findings suggest that a certain combination of γ and velocity (nonlinearity) can qualify the source of turbulence (i.e., generate turbulent energy). Similarly, a re-evaluation of the previous findings reveals that only the geometrically narrow domain can act locally as the source of turbulence, with the rest of the flow field largely being left for transporting and dissipating. This understanding will have an impact on the future large-scale modeling of turbulence.

关键词： 局部等价雷诺数     转捩     壁面律     管流     平板流动     建模    

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The comparative study of dwelling houses in the southwest multi-ethnic region, taking Fugong county for example

Fang WANG, Jiaping LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 474-482 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0089-z

摘要： A number of ethnic minorities are being distributed in southwest China. Yunnan Province is an area inhabited by multi-ethnic groups. For a long time, the ethnic groups have been interacted by others in the cultural aspect, while retaining their own ethnic traditions. The performances of ethnic groups’ dwelling houses are similar as determined by natural and cultural elements of the same area. This paper mainly analyzes decisive factors behind similar appearances by the way of field research on two minorities, Nu ethnic group and Li-su ethnic group, in the Fugong county, Nujiang Li-su autonomous prefecture. Moreover, the paper tries to summarize the commonality and individuality of the minorities in order to provide useful theoretical reference for the minorities building of new socialist countryside in the future.

关键词： Nu ethnic group     Li-su ethnic group     mixed region     living culture     living mode     living acts    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Aerobic granular sludge formation based on substrate availability: Effects of flow pattern and fermentation

Quan Yuan, Hui Gong, Hao Xi, Kaijun Wang

期刊论文

Increasing the performance of anaerobic digestion: Pilot scale experimental study for thermal hydrolysisof mixed sludge

S.I. PEREZ-ELVIRA, M. FDZ-POLANCO, F. FDZ-POLANCO,

期刊论文

Preparation of copolymer-grafted mixed-mode resins for immunoglobulin G adsorption

Shenggang Chen, Tao Liu, Ruiqi Yang, Dongqiang Lin, Shanjing Yao

期刊论文

Framework based on building information modeling, mixed reality, and a cloud platform to support informationflow in facility management

Berardo NATICCHIA, Alessandra CORNELI, Alessandro CARBONARI

期刊论文

Anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation with four kinds of electron acceptors enriched from the same mixed

Zuotao Zhang, Chongyang Wang, Jianzhong He, Hui Wang

期刊论文

Feasibility assessment of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment of sulfamethoxazole pharmaceutical

Yi Chen, Shilong He, Mengmeng Zhou, Tingting Pan, Yujia Xu, Yingxin Gao, Hengkang Wang

期刊论文

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

LIN Yishan, HE Yanling, MENG Zhuo, YANG Shucheng

期刊论文

Deciphering the effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment

期刊论文

production from beet sugar factory wastewater treatment in a continuous stirred tank reactor using anaerobicmixed consortia

Gefu ZHU, Chaoxiang LIU, Jianzheng LI, Nanqi REN, Lin LIU, Xu HUANG

期刊论文

Mixed mode properties of CNT reinforced composites using Arcan test rig

Jacob MUTHU

期刊论文

Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in a conventional, continuous flow, completely mixed activated

Xi CHEN,Linjiang YUAN,Wenjuan LU,Yuyou LI,Pei LIU,Kun NIE

期刊论文

Multi-objective optimization for the multi-mode finance-based project scheduling problem

Sameh Al-SHIHABI, Mohammad AlDURGAM

期刊论文

Technical measures to achieve a cleaner production mode for recycled paper mills

Chao HE, Zhaolin GU, Shucheng YANG, Jidong LIANG, Weina DAI, Yanling HE

期刊论文

通过一个等价雷诺数揭示层流到湍流的转捩区域

陈晓东

期刊论文

The comparative study of dwelling houses in the southwest multi-ethnic region, taking Fugong county for example

Fang WANG, Jiaping LIU

期刊论文